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1687
1737-1743
1773-1793
1829
1834
1850s
1854-1912
1883
1969
1970s-1980s
1990s-2000s
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Newton (in Principia) estimated flattening of Earth due to
rotation
Clairaut ==> centrally condensed objects (in the limit of small
rotation); Maclaurin ==> equilibrium structure of arbitrarily
rotating homogeneous spheroids (the Maclaurin spheroids)
Legendre ==> gravitational potential, Laplace introduced
barotropes, spherical harmonics, the Laplace equation, and other
mathematical concepts crucial to the study of rotating fluids
Poisson ==> Poisson equation
Jacobi ==> triaxial equilibrium figures (Liouville showed that
Jacobi ellipsoids could only exist when the angular momentum
exceeded a certain aomount). Meyer (1842) shows that the
Jacobi sequence branches off the Maclaurin squence
Dirichlet, Dedekind, Riemann investigated the properties of
figures with internal circulation (Dedekind ellipsoids and
Riemann S-type ellipsoids)
Poincare ==> theory of equilibrium and stability of ellipsoidal
forms and the concept of figures of bifurcation. Liapunov showed
that the pear-shaped figures of equilibrium branched off the
Jacobi sequence
Lord Kelvin and Tait suggested that binary stars form through a
series of bifurcations (fission). Jeans strongly supported this
notion in 1920s
Chandrasekhar ==> Ellipsoidal Figures of Equilibrium
Black, Bodenheimer, Norman, Tohline, Boss, Larson, Durisen,
Gingold, Larson, Lucy, .... started nonlinear numerical
simulations of rotating objects. Around this time, typical
grid sizes were 32x32 or 42x32 and so on, and particle codes
used 100s to 1,000s of particles.
Bodenheimer, Tohline, Boss, Burkert, Durisen, Bate, Benz, ... .
Codes now use 128x128x32 or 128x128x128 grids and particle
codes use 100s of thousands of particles. And amazingly, Dr.
Orszag mentioned that the biggest thing he'd heard of was
2000x2000x2000 = 8 billion cells!
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