Hatcheries face the flood

by Kendra Ibarguen, ODFW Intern


Human inhabitants of the Pacific Northwest were not the only ones struggling to survive in the midst of the flood of 1996. Rising waters created major problems at many northwest Oregon fish hatcheries, and millions of fish were in jeopardy. What follows is a chronological account of the difficulties caused by the flood and the efforts on behalf of the fish by the staff and volunteers of the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Monday, February 5, 6 p.m.

Heavy rain and rushing waters begin to cause problems at the Fall Creek hatchery located off Highway 34 west of Alsea. Silt-laden waters make it difficult to keep the intake screens clean, and constant water flow is critical for the hundreds of thousands of fish maintained there. Employees rotate onto the screen clearing detail on a 24-hour basis, working always in teams of two because of danger caused by heavy water and slippery conditions.

Tuesday, February 6, 3 p.m.

Even round-the-clock vigilance at Fall Creek is not enough when the forces of nature conspire against you. In this case, a log breaks through an intake screen and intake lines quickly fill with sediment. Luckily, four people manning the site get the problem handled by 3 a.m. Wednesday. It appears that everything is under control, for now...

Tuesday, February 6, 4 p.m.

Harry Lorz, hatchery supervisor for the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Northwest Region in Corvallis, receives a call from the Alsea hatchery. Rising waters and increased sediment are clogging their intake screens and hatchery employees cannot keep up their frenetic, 24-hour pace.

Lorz and technician Neal Rash report to the hatchery and spend Tuesday night helping to clear screens at the intake. They arrive back in Corvallis at 5 a.m. Wednesday. Although the river has cut a new channel around the intake, enough water is making it through to keep the fish alive. Crews remain at the hatchery intake around the clock to ensure that the screens stay clear and adequate water is reaching the fish.

Wednesday, February 7, 7 a.m.

Roaring River hatchery near Scio is experiencing more than its share of problems. Heavy water has cut a new channel and only muddy surface water is flowing to the intakes. Silt is beginning to collect in the ponds, and hatchery workers anticipate a further loss of water to the ponds. Roaring River hatchery is home to 220,000 rainbow trout (for release once they reach legal size), 190,000 steelhead smolts, and 3,000 brood fish. All are threatened because of the increased debris and potential loss of water.

In the Northwest Regional Office, Harry Lorz and hatchery liberation coordinator, Kevin Goodson, must quickly decide how to deal with the threat. Their choices are limited. Roads are flooding, making it difficult to send trucks to haul the fish to other hatcheries. Not all of the fish can be moved, some may have to be released. Priorities must be established.

Lorz and Goodson agree that the top priority must be the brood trout. These fish are critical because they produce 80% of the rainbow trout eggs which will be later released throughout Oregon as legal, catchable fish. They also decide that if fish must be released, the steelhead smolts will be the first to go. They will not remain in the river to compete with resident fish and their numbers can be made up later with steelhead from the South Santiam Hatchery.

Wednesday, February 7, 8 a.m.

Kevin Goodson is on the phone calling Portland for help. ODFW's Columbia Region offers six liberation trucks to help haul the Roaring River fish, but road conditions are a concern and information is hard to come by. The trucksbegin anyway, the situation is critical. More trucks are dispatched, one from the Willamette Hatchery and three from the Southwest Region ODFW Office in Roseburg. Finally, Goodson is able to contact a Linn County engineer, who knows the current road conditions, and truck routes to the hatchery are set.

Getting the travel information to the trucks, however, turns out to be easier said than done. All trucks are equipped with radios but they are unusable in the central valley. The radio repeater on Mary's Peak has become waterlogged, disrupting all local transmissions. Coordinating ten trucks without communication is a feat only a telepath could conquer. Luckily, a few of the drivers have cellular phones and information begins to flow, although slowly, out to the drivers.

Wednesday, February 7, afternoon

Thanks to high clearance, seven of the trucks make it to Roaring River after being re-routed around an unstable bridge and through a road covered by three feet of water. All of the brood fish are loaded into four trucks and part of the legal trout make it on board three other trucks. Goodson and Lorz must now decide where the trucks should take the rescued legal trout.

Their first choice is to move the rainbows to the South Santiam Hatchery, but past problems with the disease IHN at South Santiam nix that idea. Once exposed to the possibility of the disease, the fish could not be returned to Roaring River. After discussing their options with Department fish pathologists, Goodson and Lorz decide to send the legals to the Dexter hatchery and the brood fish to the Willamette hatcheries.

Meanwhile...

Back at Fall Creek, that hatchery still had a few surprises in store. Despite 24-hour clearing efforts, screens begin to clog. Water flow through the pond and raceways decreases markedly, causing the level of dissolved oxygen within the water to drop. Fish cannot survive in the conditions rapidly evolving at the hatchery. The decision is simple; release them or lose them. Workers pull the outlet screens and 1 million coho smolts, which would normally be released from March to May, swim free into Fall Creek. Another 40,000 steelhead smolts are released as well.

However, not all the decisions are so simple. While the released coho and steelhead derive from Alsea River stock, the hatchery is also raising 50,000 coho from Lake Creek, a tributary of the Siuslaw River. These cannot be released into the Alsea without affecting the native fish. Goodson and Lorz consider trucking them to Lake Creek but road conditions dictate otherwise. Not only is the road into Lake Creek closed, but a slide has closed the road to the hatchery from Highway 34, making transport impossible. The fish stay where they are.

Other problems are being faced at the Salmon River hatchery near the coast. Every time the tide goes up water floods the hatchery ponds and coho from both Salmon River and Siletz River swim right out of their ponds and away. Because the Salmon River Hatchery pumps water to its ponds, plugged screens are less of a threat, but water level is approaching their pump and hatchery personnel worry that the pump may burn out.

At the Leaburg Hatchery, intake screens are being worked 24 hours a day. The McKenzie, South Santiam, and Marion hatcheries are having no major problems thus far.

Wednesday, February 7, evening

Three more trucks arrive at the Roaring River hatchery, but are unable to load fish because of approaching darkness. Drivers park their trucks and spend the night helping staff the station. The three trucks sent from the Southwest region drive as far as Albany, but must spend the night there because of road closures on I-5.

Thursday, February 8

All thirteen trucks are mobilized to move the remaining rainbows from Roaring River. Every truck was used and a few trucks made two trips until all of the fish were moved to Dexter.

Monday, February 12

The immediate danger has passed and now the cleanup begins at hatcheries throughout western Oregon. Alsea, Fall Creek and Roaring River hatcheries have tons of mud now lining the concrete raceways and ponds where fish are kept. They will be digging out for days, perhaps weeks, and mud slides continue. The 40,000 Lake Creek steelhead kept in the pond at Fall Creek Hatchery survive. It is impossible to know what effect the early releases of smolts will have on fish populations. Only time will tell.