#FIG 2.1 80 2 4 0 0 26 0 -1 0 0.00000 4 31 522 69 74 Summary of Fusion Reactions in Stellar Interiors: 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 212 79 144 Hydrogen-Burning: 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 191 79 218 1) P + P --> 2 H 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 207 79 255 2) 2H + P --> 3He 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 335 84 299 3) 3He + 3He --> 4He + P + P 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 111 69 364 CN Cycle: 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 219 69 438 1) 12C + P --> 13N 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 176 69 475 2) 13N --> 13C 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 219 69 512 3) 13C + P --> 14N 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 221 69 549 4) 14N + P --> 15O 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 172 69 586 5) 150 --> 15N 4 0 0 26 0 1 0 0.00000 4 31 285 69 623 6) 15N + P -->12C + 4He 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 211 504 149 Each element has a  4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 208 504 186 unique number of P 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 237 504 260 Adding N to a nucleus 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 250 504 297 makes an isotope; some 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 249 504 334 isotopes are unstable so 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 266 504 371 that N --> P thus adding 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 261 504 408 a proton and chaning the 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 83 504 445 element 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 151 314 149 (10 million K) 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 341 74 689 Helium Burning (100 million K) 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 321 74 763 1) 4He + 4He + 4He --> 12C 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 243 74 837 2) 12C + 4He --> 160 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 340 74 911 Carbon Burning (500 million K) 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 265 74 985 1) 12C + 12C --> 24Mg 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 303 74 1022 2) 12C + 12C --> 23Na + P 4 0 0 26 0 0 0 0.00000 4 31 333 74 1059 3) 12C + 12C --> 20Ne + 4He 4 0 0 26 0 2 0 0.00000 4 31 313 74 1133 Oxygen Burning (1 billion K) 4 0 0 26 0 2 0 0.00000 4 31 13 74 1207 1 4 0 0 26 0 2 0 0.00000 4 31 225 114 1204 16O + 16O --> 32S 4 0 0 26 0 2 0 0.00000 4 31 290 79 1244 2) 16O + 16O --> 31P + P 4 0 0 26 0 2 0 0.00000 4 31 282 79 1281 3) 16O +16O --> 31S + n 4 0 0 26 0 2 0 0.00000 4 31 320 79 1318 4) 16O +16O --> 28Si + 4He 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 307 79 1392 Silicon Burning (2 Billion K) 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 300 79 1466 1) 28Si + 28Si --> 7 (4 He) 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 298 79 1503 2) 28Si + 7 (4He) --> 56Ni 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 263 79 1540 3) 28Si + 28Si --> 56Ni 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 196 79 1577 4) 56Ni -->56 Co 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 189 79 1614 5) 56Co -->56Fe 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 195 504 1504 56Ni = 26P + 30N 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 192 504 1541 56Co = 27P +29N 4 0 0 26 0 4 0 0.00000 4 31 195 504 1578 56Fe = 28P + 28N