Astronomy 122 First Homework Assignment

This assignment reinforces what we did in class. You may work on this assignment with up to 4 other people if you like.

In this homework you will be measuring stars as well as signal-to-noise in the background for two situations.

Each simulation has only two stars in it. You should make observations of duration 1,2,4,8,16,32 and 64 seconds. To measure the brightness of the star place a small box (the green one by convention) over the star and the similar size red box over a region of the background that doesn't contain a star (easy to do in this case since there are only two stars in the field). Remember the brightness of star is the difference in counts between the green and the red box. For this excercise you need to difference the boxes labelled total counts. Measurments should be made in a box of size 10x10 pixels (type in 10 in the Sample Size window and hit enter for it to be accepted).

For each simulation make 3 measurements of each star for each exposure time and do the following:

  1. Record your data for star brightnesses for each exposure time.

  2. Calculate the signal-to-noise ratio of the background for each exposure time. This ratio is obtained by dividing the values displayed in the box labelled mean by the values in the box labelled standard deviation. This should be done on the values in the red box (e.g. the box without the star in it).

    After doing this measurements, answer the following questions.

  3. Why are the measurements of the stars at longer exposure times more reliable than the shorter exposure measurements?

  4. What is the essential difference in observing conditions between the two simulations?

  5. If you change increase the exposure time by a factor of 4 (e.g. compare the 2 second one with the 8 second one, or the 4 second one with the 16 second one), how much does the signal-to-noise improve? Does this suggest a relationship between signal-to-noise and exposure time?

    Email the above to rdrummon@darkwing.uoregon.edu

    First Simulation

    Second Simulation