Course Page
Date Due: June 5
All about Dams and the Columbia river
A statistical comparison between the Dalles Dam and McNary Dam.
You have been assigned by your company, "Progress 'R Us", to study if there has been a decline in recent years of Salmon at McNary dam and if there is a mortality rate of fish between The Dalles Dam and McNary Dam. You have the following raw data from which to work with. When working with data like this its best to abbreviate it. So if you enter numbers into the the Tool don't be anal and put in a number of 126555 - just abbreviate that to 126 and remember that the units are thousands. It will save a lot of data entry time.
YEARLY TOTALS OF SALMONIDS COUNTED OVER MCNARY DAM 1954-2002 YEAR CHINOOK* STEELHEAD SOCKEYE COHO* TOTALS* 1954 126,555 75,059 108,181 950 310,745 1955 108,915 85,575 173,758 643 368,891 1956 114,342 42,554 102,145 683 259,724 1957 292,696 105,728 85,460 2,855 486,739 1958 226,092 87,890 102,397 1,350 417,729 1959 171,490 110,475 83,977 1,970 367,912 1960 176,767 96,895 55,372 1,580 330,614 1961 154,996 103,743 16,388 2,045 277,172 1962 152,756 163,181 29,372 3,195 348,504 1963 154,459 113,646 59,744 3,113 330,962 1964 167,934 100,742 83,931 3,317 355,924 1965 150,907 118,960 42,052 2,700 314,619 1966 223,141 145,130 173,028 8,525 549,824 1967 195,653 77,700 105,635 27,226 406,214 1968 200,488 112,522 101,007 39,518 453,535 1969 213,407 76,681 29,787 53,716 373,591 1970 168,892 69,759 59,636 36,399 334,686 1971 171,448 109,630 52,867 39,358 373,303 1972 168,821 93,820 26,422 45,635 334,698 1973 184,112 64,620 42,731 17,682 309,145 1974 127,858 26,932 26,505 13,746 195,041 1975 133,150 23,663 43,143 3,975 203,931 1976 163,314 54,000 24,632 7,539 249,485 1977 183,581 87,712 80,781 4,622 356,696 1978 144,148 34,740 18,511 20,356 217,755 1979 95,275 50,304 37,792 12,800 196,171 1980 80,773 66,524 44,301 571 192,169 1981 80,619 61,985 26,644 3,736 172,984 1982 102,225 75,099 15,077 3,119 195,520 1983 121,636 125,254 40,903 2,470 290,263 1984 159,071 135,515 56,906 2,841 354,333 1985 288,483 188,204 98,457 6,917 582,061 1986 342,417 193,481 46,443 1,374 583,715 1987 286,638 148,811 72,190 615 508,254 1988 243,608 151,765 50,080 2,010 447,463 1989 176,407 170,467 41,318 3,383 391,575 1990 147,439 95,061 46,145 2,059 290,704 1991 114,841 168,692 69,365 2,272 355,170 1992 135,707 194,026 68,737 1,801 400,271 1993 143,412 93,183 66,485 481 303,561 1994 128,868 94,427 10,603 1,735 235,633 1995 113,354 114,910 8,320 1,021 237,605 1996 114,947 124,177 28,585 1,853 269,562 1997 162,946 129,817 38,043 2,580 333,386 1998 114,604 99,705 9,391 6,173 229,873 1999 121,946 101,799 11,794 4.935 240,474 2000 191,070 161,135 60,242 12,178 424,625 2001 489,784 493,168 97,188 24,918 1,105,058 2002 417,090 368,244 39,424 13,313 838,071 Counts for the Dalles Dam 1957 312,678 129,361 90,201 6,793 539,112 1958 301,960 121,420 111,039 2,395 536,850 1959 207,461 156,090 86,259 2,709 452,553 1960 196,962 111,189 59,441 3,000 370,632 1961 201,335 134,572 16,689 2,139 354,739 1962 187,132 163,301 27,127 3,696 381,261 1963 180,969 118,957 56,931 3,716 360,599 1964 183,842 110,033 79,042 5,978 378,900 1965 195,049 141,052 44,279 17,468 397,852 1966 240,671 146,172 147,886 32,279 567,009 1967 280,112 121,614 120,589 32,015 554,335 1968 262,975 147,481 116,897 42,687 570,041 1969 314,258 112,529 37,226 17,054 481,068 1970 261,457 99,187 77,678 23,219 461,545 1971 250,528 151,348 76,103 29,061 507,043 1972 268,628 135,303 44,671 16,562 465,164 1973 280,945 100,082 52,303 11,152 444,483 1974 217,181 70,875 28,827 14,655 331,538 1975 217,283 57,675 43,198 13,976 332,132 1976 216,163 82,568 27,747 19,392 345,870 1977 224,950 133,882 86,252 10,021 455,105 1978 199,228 60,485 11,845 18,877 290,435 1979 150,647 83,364 32,791 8,726 275,532 1980 113,951 93,963 42,088 6,326 256,328 1981 135,176 113,268 35,447 6,941 290,833 1982 172,682 117,434 33,331 7,383 330,830 1983 156,190 171,055 84,204 3,459 414,909 1984 203,920 219,123 101,177 3,142 527,363 1985 370,982 276,025 117,254 4,625 768,891 1986 443,013 281,953 48,477 4,842 778,292 1987 421,190 217,768 87,599 3,310 729,870 1988 378,080 198,499 55,802 9,226 641,607 1989 282,168 235,639 39,672 12,611 570,090 1990 207,556 129,271 40,230 4,645 381,702 1991 153,023 199,853 63,405 9,601 425,985 1992 168,507 232,179 66,384 3,825 470,898 1993 184,953 124,829 62,252 4,360 376,394 1994 161,758 112,253 9,356 4,376 287,743 1995 141,793 145,844 7,166 3,269 298,072 1996 167,911 162,456 25,055 4,583 360,005 1997 223,801 164,756 32,430 4,729 425,716 1998 154,132 116,682 8,826 8,970 288,610 1999 199,491 198,253 13,715 15,041 426,500 2000 316,214 258,952 73,383 29,413 677,962 2001 629,334 628,444 102,562 64,478 1,424,818 2002 583,155 504,485 40,554 12,786 1,140,980
A. Where are McNary Dam and the Dalles Dam located and how much power does they produce?
B. Compute the following for both dams:
Are the counts at each dam in the period of 1990-1999 significantly lower than that seen in the period 1960-1989?
Average the 2001 and 2002 counts together. What is the probability that you would get salmon counts this high, given the mean and dispersion in the period 1960-1999. How might this result change the thinking about the Pacific Northwest Salmon problem?
C. Make a graph of Chinook counts vs steelhead counts by combining the two data sets. Are they correlated? If they are correlated, explain how this might simplify your data analysis. If they are not correlated, explain how this might complicate your data analysis.
D. Now look at the data carefully to see if you can identify any 5 year periods in which the Salmon counts at either dam were low compared to the average count in the 40 year period your derived above.
E. Located between the Dalles and McNary Dam is John Day Dam. If there is salmon loss due to John Day dam, then less fish should be counted, on average, at McNary Dam than at the Dalles. Use the data to try and determine the mortality rate (in terms of percentage of fish) of John Day Dam.
F. Based on your study of these two dams, write a press release in language that Joe Six pack can understand about what you conclude the effect of the dams are on salmon survival.
3. Currently there is a feasibility study about breaching the 4 Dams on the lower Snake River. What are some of the pros and cons associated with this procedure and would you support the breach or be opposed to it?